Pipe

A pipe is an enclosed conduit used to transport fluids. These are circular in cross-section and available in widely varying sizes, wall thicknesses, and materials.

A duct is a pipe, tube, or enclosed channel for transporting gases or vapors. They are square, rectangular, or circular in cross-section, and used in air conditioning for transporting heated air and ventilation purposes.

In Flow Designer hydraulic modelling, a pipe component can be either of the two above.

Required Input Data

When specifying pipes in a hydraulic model, a pipe material is selected from the flowsheet object toolbar. Once connected to nodes, it requires the following input definition specified:

• Length

• Size and Schedule (If database is used)

• Inside Diameter (If database is not used)

• Thickness (If database is not used)

• Friction Model (For liquid calculations)

• Additional Friction Loss Model Input fields (TBC)

• Pipe roughness condition

• User defined pipe roughness (If database is not used)

• Heat Loss Model

• Geometry (TBC)

• Additional Geometry Input fields (TBC)

Calculation Results

Upon successful calculation of a hydraulic model, the following numerical calculation results are generated for a pipe component:

Symbol	Result Variable	Description
C	Cost	Equivalent cost of hydraulic power expended
Ph	Hydraulic Power	Amount of power needed by fluid to flow from one point to another
Di	Inside diameter	Pipe diameter used in friction loss calculations
Q	Flow	Quantity of fluid passing through a system per unit time
L	Pipe length	End to end pipe dimension
PO1	Total Pressure In	Stagnation pressure at component inlet
P1	Pressure In	Static pressure at component inlet
PO2	Total Pressure Out	Stagnation pressure at component outlet
PV1	Velocity Pressure In	Fluid In Kinetic energy converted to pressure
P2	Pressure Out	Static pressure at component outlet
T1	Temperature In
T2	Temperature Out
dP0	Total Pressure Loss	Stagnation pressure loss
dPf	Friction Loss	Total pressure loss due to flow friction
dP	Static Pressure Loss	Static pressure loss
dPV	Velocity Pressure Loss	Velocity pressure loss
dZ	Elevation Loss	Potential energy loss converted to pressure loss
f	Friction Factor	Darcy friction factor
Re	Reynolds Number	Reynolds Number
V1	Velocity In	Velocity at component inlet
V2	Velocity Out	Velocity at component outlet
Z1	Elevation In	Elevation at component inlet
Z2	Elevation Out	Elevation at component outlet
	Density In	Fluid density at component inlet
	Density Out	Fluid density at component outlet
	Viscosity In	Fluid viscosity at component inlet
	Viscosity Out	Fluid viscosity at component outlet
Cp1	Specific Heat In	Fluid specific heat at component inlet
Cp2	Specific Heat Out	Fluid specific heat at component outlet
Tk1	Thermal conductivity In	Fluid thermal conductivity at component inlet
Tk2	Thermal conductivity out	Fluid thermal conductivity at component outlet
HO1	Enthalpy In	Fluid enthalpy at component inlet
HO2	Enthalpy Out	Fluid enthalpy at component outlet
dH0	Enthalpy Change	Fluid enthalpy change across the component